Astronomie extrêmement grande
L'ère des télescopes extrêmement grands commence - et elle révolutionnera notre compréhension de l'univers. L'extrêmement grand télescope ELT de l’ESO est actuellement en construction dans le désert reculé d’Atacama au Chili. Ce télescope révolutionnaire permettra à lui seul de recueillir plus de lumière que plus de 200 télescopes spatiaux comme le télescope Hubble de la NASA/ESA.
Comme leur nom l'indique, ces télescopes sont vraiment colossaux. Les miroirs primaires les plus grands - grâce auxquels un télescope capte la lumière - actuellement utilisés à ESO sont les miroirs de 8,2 mètres de diamètre des quatre télescopes unitaires constituant le Very Large Telescope (VLT). L'ELT dépassera le VLT, déjà impressionnant, avec son vaste miroir de 39 mètres de diamètre! Toutefois, il est tout simplement impossible de construire un seul miroir de cette taille qui soit de qualité scientifique: le miroir principal de l’ELT sera en fait une mosaïque complexe en nid d’abeille composée de 798 miroirs hexagonaux de 1,4 mètre.
Trouver un endroit approprié pour une telle structure n’était pas non plus une tâche facile. En plus de nécessiter des conditions sèches et exemptes de pollution lumineuse à une altitude élevée, nécessaires au succès de l'astronomie, l'ELT avait besoin d'un espace immense pour étendre ses fondations. Comme cet emplacement n'était pas disponible, il a été créé! Le parcours complexe de la construction de l’ELT a commencé par l’aplatissement du sommet de la montagne de Cerro Armazones, au Chili, diminuant sa hauteur de 18 mètres. Ce site est maintenant couvert par un réseau de fondations - comme le montre cette image.
Crédit:G. Hüdepohl/ESO
À propos de l'image
| Identification: | potw1844a |
| Langage: | fr-ch |
| Type: | Photographique |
| Date de publication: | 29 octobre 2018 06:00 |
| Taille: | 5219 x 6880 px |
À propos de l'objet
| Nom: | Extremely Large Telescope |
| Type: | Unspecified : Technology : Observatory : Telescope |
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