Mitteilung

Die ESO vergibt den Auftrag über das Polieren des Tertiärspiegels des ELT

15. Februar 2017

Das Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) der ESO soll 2024 in Betrieb genommen werden und wird den aktuellen Stand der Forschung widerspiegeln. Das optische System wird aus nicht weniger als fünf separaten Spiegeln bestehen, von denen jeder eine eigene technische Herausforderung darstellt.

Die ESO hat nun den Auftrag für die Politur des dritten Spiegels im Strahlengang vergeben, der auch als M3-Spiegel bezeichnet wird. Der Auftrag wurde der französischen Firma Reosc [1] erteilt, einer Untereinheit von Safran Electronics & Defense. Sie werden den Rohling von SCHOTT erhalten, den Spiegel und die zugehörige Halterung fertigen, die Oberfläche polieren und alle notwendigen optischen Tests vor der Lieferung des Spiegels durchführen [2]. Reosc erhielt bereits im Juli 2016 den Auftrag für das Design, die Politur und den Test des Sekundärspiegels für das Teleskop. Die Firma wird außerdem die deformierbaren Schalenspiegel herstellen, die den vierten Spiegel (M4) des ELT darstellen werden.

Bei M3 handelt es sich um einen riesigen 3,8-Meter-Konkavspiegel – so groß wie viele Primärspiegel der derzeit weltbesten Teleskope. Eine ungewöhnliche Kombination, bestehen doch die meisten großen Teleskope wie das Very Large Telescope der ESO und das NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope aus nur zwei gekrümmten Spiegeln und teilweise einem dritten flachen Spiegel, um das Licht zu einem geeigneten Fokus umzulenken. Die gekrümmte Oberfläche von M3 wird gemeinsam mit dem Primär- und Sekundärspiegel deutlich bessere Abbildungseigenschaften bei einem gleichzeitig größeren Sichtfeld bieten.

Das strukturelle Element des Spiegels, bevor die Beschichtung aufgebracht wird, wird aus einem speziellen Material bestehen: Zerodur™ von SCHOTT [3]. Die Präzision bei der Formgebung und Politur muss dann bei 15 Nanometern liegen.

Endnoten:

[1] Reosc ist eine Untereinheit von Sagem, einer Safran Hochtechnologie-Firma, und ist weltweit führend für das Design, die Produktion und Integration von Hochleistungsoptiken, die beispielsweise in der Astronomie, im Weltall, in Hochenergielasern und in der Halbleiterindustrie eingesetzt werden. Reosc entwickelt und produziert Hochleistungsoptiken für Satelliten, große Teleskope, Hochenergielaser und die Halbleiterindustrie. Die Firma hat außerdem die 8-Meter-Spiegel für das Very Large Telescope der ESO das internationale Gemini-Teleskop, die 11-Meter Spiegel für das Gran Telescopio de Canarias, die Spiegel für das europäische Nirspec-Instrument am James Webb Space Telescope der NASA sowie die Spiegel für den Astronomiesatelliten GAIA der ESA gefertigt.

[2] Der Auftrag für den Rohling des M2-Spiegels wurde am 18. Januar 2017 erteilt.

[3] Zerodur™ wurde ursprünglich für astronomische Teleskope in den späten 1960ern entwickelt. Es unterliegt auch unter großen Temperaturschwankungen nahezu keiner thermischen Expansion und ist hochgradig chemikalienresistent. Zusätzlich kann bei der Politur ein hoher Standard erreicht werden. Die eigentlich reflektive Schicht aus Aluminium oder Silber wird zumeist erst kurz vor der Inbetriebnahme des Teleskops auf die sehr glatte Oberfläche aufgedampft. Viele sehr bekannte Teleskope mit Zerodur-Spiegeln können jahrzehntelang zuverlässig betrieben werden. Dazu zählen beispielsweise das Very Large Telescope der ESO in Chile.

Links

Kontaktinformationen

Marc Cayrel
ESO 
Garching bei München
Tel:  +49 89 3200 6685
E-Mail: mcayrel@eso.org

Peter Grimley
Assistant Public Information Officer
Garching bei München
Tel: +49 89 3200 6383
E-Mail: pgrimley@partner.eso.org

Über die Mitteilung

ID:ann17005

Bilder

Das optische System des ELT und die Position der Spiegel
Das optische System des ELT und die Position der Spiegel

Videos

Der Weg des Lichts über fünf Spiegel im E-ELT
Der Weg des Lichts über fünf Spiegel im E-ELT

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