Meddelande
Så här kommer ELT:s kupol att se ut
19 november 2020
Medan konstruktionen av ESO:s Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) i Chiles Atacamaöken står still på grund av covidpandemin sker viktiga framsteg på andra håll. Under de senaste månaderna har designarbetet för kupolen avslutats och tillverkningen av kupolkomponenterna är i full gång.
Under designprocessen för kupolen löstes ett flertal komplexa problem som är nödvändiga för att realisera världens största optiska teleskop i den extrema miljön i Atacamaöknen. Strukturen måste fungera felfritt och kräva minimal service, samtidigt som den ska motstå hårda vindar och jordbävningar. De senaste designillustrationerna visar hur kupolen kommer att se ut, och hur små men betydelsefulla ändringar har gjorts i den ursprungliga designen.
Konstruktionen av ELT:s kupol och teleskopstruktur leds av det italienska industrikonsortiet ACe (Cimolia, Astaldi). Projektet omfattar design, tillverkning, transport, montering och verifikation av den färdiga byggnationen. Företaget färdigställer för närvarande designen för teleskopstrukturen och en slutlig genomsyn av projektet förväntas under första kvartalet 2021.
Under projektets gång har ACe testmonterat en mängd delar, som det seismiska skyddssystemet, takpaneler och hjul för kupolrotation (totalt 36 stycken som vardera väger 27 ton). Vissa komponenter är redan på plats i Chile.
ESO:s ELT, med sin 39,3 meter stora primärspegel, kommer att vara det överlägset största optiska/nära infraröda teleskopet i världen när det står klart senare under detta årtionde. Teleskopstrukturen väger 3 700 ton och kommer att bära fem speglar som fångar in ljuset från de astronomiska objekten och för det till vetenskapliga instrument med olika funktioner. Instrumenten kommer att placeras på två plattformar, vardera lika stor som en tennisplan, på vardera sidan om teleskopet. Den enorma kupolen, som skyddar teleskopet och instrumenten från väder och vind, blir 80 meter hög och 88 meter i diameter, vilket ungefärligen motsvarar arean på en fotbollsplan. Den övre delen av kupolen väger 6 100 ton och kommer att rotera på kupolens cylindriska bas för att teleskopet ska nå alla delar av himlen.
ELT kommer att utnyttja sin extremt höga vinkelupplösning för att besvara våra största frågor om universum, inklusive dess nuvarande tillstånd och utveckling, exoplaneters förekomst och sammansättning och de fysiska egenskaperna hos den mörka materien och den mörka energin.
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