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Quantidade de tempo recorde pedido no Ciclo 4 de propostas para o ALMA
23 de Agosto de 2016
Uma quantidade recorde de tempo de observação foi pedida pela comunidade astronómica internacional nas propostas do Ciclo 4 do Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). A enorme procura deste telescópio revolucionário refletiu-se em mais 50% de horas pedidas em comparação com o ciclo anterior.
Foi atribuído a mais de 400 astrónomos tempo de observação com o ALMA, o rádio telescópio mais poderoso existente à face do planeta. O processo de seleção durou cerca de 5 meses. Especialistas de todo o mundo reuniram-se em Viena, na Áustria, em junho passado para avaliarem as 1571 propostas de tempo de observação. Os 145 consultores científicos do Comité de Revisão de Propostas do ALMA encontraram-se durante uma semana para estabelecer os critérios e fazer uma seriação das propostas de modo a tornar a seleção tão objetiva quanto possível. Este processo envolveu a consideração de muitos aspectos diferentes que determinam a importância científica e a viabilidade técnica de uma proposta, assim como a sua probabilidade de sucesso. Seguidamente os especialistas levaram a cabo uma revisão exaustiva de cada proposta baseada nestes critérios.
A quantidade total de tempo de observação representada pelas 1571 propostas submetidas correctamente por proponentes de mais de 30 países atingiu as 18 630 horas (12 285 horas para a Rede de 12 metros e 6345 horas para a Rede Compacta). No total foram atribuídas cerca de 3000 horas na Rede de 12 metros e 1800 horas na Rede Compacta.
A categoria com mais propostas pedidas e selecionadas — cerca de uma em cada quatro — foi “Meio Interestelar, Formação Estelar e Astroquímica”. As categorias “Cosmologia e Universo a Elevado Desvio para o Vermelho”, “Galáxias e Núcleos Galácticos”, “Discos Circunstelares, Exoplanetas e Sistema Solar” tiveram cerca de uma proposta em cada cinco, enquanto “Evolução Estelar e Sol” apenas teve uma proposta em cada dez.
As observações do Ciclo 4 serão executadas de outubro de 2016 a setembro de 2017 e incluirão um total de 476 propostas selecionadas. Estas propostas terão acesso a, pelo menos, 53 antenas ALMA para observar o Universo — 42 antenas de 12 metros e 10 antenas de 7 metros — nos comprimentos de onda do milímetro e do submilímetro, usando 7 receptores (Bandas 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 e 10). O ALMA poderá observar com uma resolução angular máxima de 0,029 segundos de arco, usando uma linha de base máxima de 12,6 km.
Mais informação
O ALMA, uma infraestrutura astronómica internacional, é uma parceria entre o ESO, a Fundação Nacional para a Ciência dos Estados Unidos (NSF) e os Institutos Nacionais de Ciências da Natureza (NINS) do Japão, em cooperação com a República do Chile.
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