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Lo spettrografo dell’ELT HARMONI supera l'esame del progetto preliminare

Lo strumento all’avanguardia supera i test critici e si guadagna un potente sistema di ottica adattiva

20 Dicembre 2018

HARMONI, uno degli strumenti per la prima luce dell’ELT (Extremely Large Telescope), ha completato con successo il processo di esame del progetto preliminare (Preliminary Design Review o PDR). Nel corso di una settimana di intense discussioni con il consorzio HARMONI, alla fine del 2017, l’ESO e la comunità di esperti ha esaminato la capacità dello strumento di raggiungere i suoi ambiziosi obiettivi scientifici. È stato valutato il design delle ottiche, delle parti meccaniche, il software e le parti elettroniche dello strumento, così come anche il metodo di funzionamento – identificando nel processo alcune questioni tecniche che richiedono un lavoro ulteriore. Da allora, il team HARMONI ha portato a termine tutte le attività determinate dall'esame e lo strumento ha ormai superato ufficialmente il PDR. Completando questo passo essenziale, lo strumento può passare alla fase di progettazione di dettaglio, al fine di essere pronto per osservazioni all’avanguardia quando l’ELT vedrà la prima luce.

Insieme al superamento di questo traguardo importante, HARMONI si prepara ad acquisire un nuovo potente sistema di ottiche adattive. Il Consiglio dell’ESO ha di recente dato il via libera per continuare a sviluppare il sistema LTAO (Laser Tomographic Adaptive Optics) per HARMONI. Inizialmente, ciò era stato rimandato a una fase successiva del progetto del telescopio. Tuttavia, data la sua importanza per HARMONI e per gli obiettivi scientifici dell’ESO, e grazie anche alla disponibilità di ulteriori fondi da parte dell’ESO e del Consorzio HARMONI, l’ESO ha ottenuto l’autorizzazione a continuare con questo modulo. Il sistema LTAO si servirà delle stelle guida laser per consentire ad HARMONI di acquisire immagini ultra definite degli oggetti astronomici in ogni parte del cielo.

HARMONI — spettrografo monolitico a campo integrale ad alta risoluzione angolare nell’ottico e nel vicino infrarosso o, in inglese, High Angular Resolution Monolithic Optical and Near-infrared Integral field spectrograph — sarà la ruota trainante dell’ELT per la spettroscopia a luce visibile e vicino infrarosso. Si tratta di uno spettroscopio a campo integrale, in grado di acquisire simultaneamente spettri a 30.000 punti adiacenti nel cielo per tracciare una mappa di un oggetto celeste in un ampio intervallo di lunghezze d’onda. Esso è uno dei primi in una nuova classe di strumenti astronomici di grande portata — HARMONI sarà alto ben 8 metri, misurerà 10 metri di lunghezza per 6 di larghezza, e peserà circa 40 tonnellate.  

Il design di HARMONI semplifica la calibrazione e il funzionamento, fornendo all’ELT una capacità spettroscopica “point-and-stare” (lett., “punta e fissa”), idealmente adatta a sfruttare appieno il potenziale scientifico del telescopio nei suoi primi anni. HARMONI fa parte della suite di strumenti per la prima luce, che comprende anche MICADO/MAORY per le funzionalità di riproduzione dell’immagine e METIS per le funzionalità nel medio infrarosso.

Ulteriori informazioni

Il Consorzio HARMONI è costituito da sei partner principali e da una serie di istituti associati. I partner più importanti sono la University of Oxford (UK), il UK Astronomy Technology Centre del Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK),  il Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (Francia), il Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (Francia), l’Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spagna), il Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC - INTA) (Spagna) e l’ESO. La Durham University (UK), attualmente socia, diventerà presto partner a tutti gli effetti. Altre istituzioni associate sono l’Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales (Francia), L'Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (Francia), il RAL Space del Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) e L’Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG).

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