Mitteilung

Planungsbeginn für die Instrumente MOS und HIRES für das E-ELT

Das größte Teleskop der Welt bekommt die besten Instrumente der Welt

23. März 2016

Wissenschaftler und Ingenieure haben damit begonnen, detaillierte Spezifikationen für zwei neue Instrumente des zukünftigen European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) der ESO zu entwerfen. MOS (Multi-Object Spectrograph) und HIRES (High Resolution Spectrograph) werden die weltweit führenden Arbeitspferde des größten Teleskops der Welt sein.

Der Vertrag zum Beginn der Entwurfsstudien für MOS wurde am 18. März 2016 von der ESO und CNRS-INSU, der führenden Institution des MOSAIC-Konsortiums [1], unterzeichnet. Das Instrument wird eine hohe spektrale und räumliche Auflösung besitzen und Übersichtsaufnahmen im sichtbaren und infraroten Spektralbereich durchführen. Dadurch werden Astronomen einige der größten Geheimnisse des Universums untersuchen können: Wann bildeten sich die ersten Galaxien und wie entstanden daraus große Strukuren wie die Milchstraße? Wie sind normale Materie und Dunkle Materie im Universum verteilt? Und wie bilden und entwickeln sich Planeten um andere Sterne?

Am 22. März 2016 wurde außerdem der Vertrag für die Entwurfsstudien für HIRES von der ESO und dem HIRES-Konsortium, das von der INAF [2] geleitet wird, unterzeichnet. HIRES ist ein hochauflösender Spektrograf, der gleichzeitig im sichtbaren und infraroten Wellenlängenbereich arbeiten kann. Er wird für sehr detaillierte und genaue Untersuchungen von einzelnen Objekten eingesetzt werden. So werden Astronomen ihn zum Beispiel dazu nutzen, die Atmosphäre von Planeten auf der Suche nach Leben zu untersuchen oder die Signatur von Sternen der ersten Generation des primordialen Universums zu erforschen. Auch eine eindeutige Aussage darüber, ob sich einige fundamentale Konstanten der Physik, die für die meisten physikalischen Prozesse im Universum verantwortlich sind, im Laufe der Zeit verändern, ist mit HIRES möglich.

Die beiden Konsortien zählen zu den größten Kollaborationen für die Entwicklung astronomischer Instrumente, was die multinationalen Anstrengungen für die Konstruktion dieser Spektrographen verdeutlicht.

Instrumente wie MOS und HIRES sind wichtige Bestandteilde eines jeden modernen Teleskops – diese weltweit fortschrittlichsten Spektrografen werden die enorme Lichtsammelfähigkeit des 39-Meter-Hauptspiegels des E-ELT in bisher unerreichter Weise ausnutzen.

Endnoten

[1] Das MOSAIC-Konsortium besteht aus Institutionen aus 11 Ländern:

GEPI und LESIA, Observatoire de Paris; Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille; IRAP, Toulouse, ONERA (Frankreich); Großbritannien Astronomy Technology Centre, STFC; RALSpace, STFC; The University of Oxford; Durham University (Großbritannien); IAG, São Paulo; National Astrophysics Laboratory, Itajuba (Brasilien); Amsterdam University; NOVA, Leiden Observatory, Universiteit Leiden (Niederlande); Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam und Universität Göttingen (Deutschland); Universitäten Helsinki, Turku und Oulu (Finnland); Universitäten Stockholm, Lund und Uppsala (Schweden); Complutense University of Madrid und Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC (Spanien); INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (Italien); Vienna University (Austria); Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciências do Espaço - Universidade de Lisboa and Universidade do Porto; CENTRA (Portugal)

[2] Das HIRES-Konsortium besteht aus Institutionen aus 12 Ländern:

Board of Observational Astronomy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Mauá Institute of Technology (Brasilien); Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Centre of Astro Engineering; Universidad de Chile, Department of Astronomy; Universidad de Concepcion, Center of Astronomical Instrumentation; Universidad de Antofagasta, Unidad de Astronomía (Chile); Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen; Institute of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Aarhus (Dänemark); Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille; Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble; Laboratoire Lagrange de l’Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (Frankreich); Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam; Institut für Astrophysik, Universität Göttingen; Zentrum für Astronomie Heidelberg, Landessternwarte; Thüringer Landesternwarte Tautenburg; Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg (Deutschland); Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica (Italien — lead institution); Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics (Poland); Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço - Universidade do Porto and Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal); Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC; Centro de Astrobiología (Spanien); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University (Schweden); Université de Genève, Département d’Astronomie (Observatoire de Genève); Universität Bern, Physikalisches Institut (Schweiz); Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge; Institute of Astronomy University of Cambridge; Großbritannien Astronomy Technology Centre; Centre for Advanced Instrumentation - Durham University; Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences (School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University) (Großbritannien)

Kontaktinformationen

Richard Hook
ESO Public Information Officer
Garching bei München
Tel: +49 89 3200 6655
Mobil: +49 151 1537 3591
E-Mail: rhook@eso.org

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