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ALMA logra sus observaciones de mayor resolución
15 de Noviembre de 2023
El Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), del que ESO es socio, ha logrado las observaciones de mayor resolución desde que comenzó sus operaciones. Durante una prueba técnica, un equipo de expertos del Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO), el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Japón (NAOJ), el Observatorio Nacional de Radioastronomía (NRAO) de EE.UU. y ESO, tomaron imágenes de una estrella evolucionada con una resolución de 5 milisegundos de arco. Esto demuestra que ALMA puede ser utilizado por los astrónomos para observar objetos con un detalle equivalente a ver un autobús de 10 metros de largo en la Luna.
ALMA está compuesto por 66 antenas que pueden configurarse en diferentes posiciones en el Llano de Chajnantor, que se ubica a gran altitud en Chile. Cada una de estas antenas está equipada con receptores que le permiten observar ondas de radio en diferentes rangos o bandas de frecuencia. La resolución de ALMA aumenta tanto a medida que aumenta la separación máxima entre las antenas como a medida que aumenta la frecuencia de las observaciones. Las nuevas imágenes se obtuvieron con la configuración más extendida posible para el conjunto ALMA, con una separación máxima entre sus antenas de 16 kilómetros y utilizando receptores de Banda 10, que permiten a ALMA observar en frecuencias de hasta 950 GHz, las más altas posibles para el conjunto.
Dado que las observaciones llevan las capacidades de ALMA al extremo, su realización fue increíblemente difícil. Si bien los receptores de Banda 10 han estado disponibles en ALMA desde 2014, los astrónomos tuvieron que esperar la validación de una novedosa técnica de calibración, llamada banda a banda, para poder llevar a cabo las nuevas observaciones. Es así como en 2021 hicieron una prueba técnica, donde observaron una estrella evolucionada de la Vía Láctea, R Leporis, utilizando como calibrador un núcleo galáctico brillante, que, aunque distante, aparece cerca de R Leporis en el cielo. Los resultados se publican hoy en la revista Astrophysical Journal.
Este resultado se logró con el importante apoyo del personal de ESO, que participó en las observaciones de prueba, en los experimentos previos que condujeron a este logro técnico final y en el desarrollo de la nueva técnica de calibración.
Más información
Este resultado se presentó en un artículo titulado "ALMA High-frequency Long Baseline Campaign in 2021: Highest Angular Resolution Submillimeter Wave Images for the Carbon-rich Star R Lep", que aparecerá en la revista Astrophysical Journal (doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acf619).
El equipo está compuesto por Y. Asaki (JAO; NAOJ; SOKENDAI), L. Maud (ESO; Universidad de Leiden), H. Francke (JAO), H. Nagai (NAOJ), D. Petry (ESO), E. B. Fomalont ( NRAO), E. Humphreys (JAO; ESO), A. M. S. Richards (Universidad de Manchester), K. T. Wong (IRAM; Universidad de Uppsala), W. Dent (JAO), A. Hirota (JAO; NAOJ), J. M. Fernández (Observatorio Lowell), S. Takahashi (NAOJ) y A. S. Hales (JAO; NRAO).
El estudio técnico previo, conducente a la Campaña de 2021, se puede encontrar en: “ALMA High-frequency Long-baseline Campaign in 2019: Band 9 and 10 In-band and Band-to-band Observations Using ALMA's Longest Baselines”, publicado en Astrophysical Journal en agosto de 2023 (doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/acd6f1).
ALMA es una asociación de ESO (que representa a sus estados miembros), NSF (EE.UU.) y NINS (Japón), junto con NRC (Canadá), NSTC y ASIAA (Taiwán) y KASI (República de Corea), en cooperación con la República. de Chile. El Joint ALMA Observatory es operado por ESO, AUI/NRAO y NAOJ.
Enlaces
Contactos
Luke Maud
ALMA Regional Centre at ESO
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6765
Email: Luke.Maud@eso.org
Bárbara Ferreira
ESO Media Manager
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6670
Email: press@eso.org
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