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L'osservatorio di La Silla dell'ESO sta per ottenere un nuovo strumento all'avanguardia: SOXS

08 Ottobre 2018

L'ESO ha firmato un accordo con un consorzio internazionale guidato dall'INAF, l'Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica italiano, per costruire e gestire uno spettrografo all'avanguardia noto come Son Of X-shooter, o SOXS [1]. Il lavoro su questo innovativo progetto strumentale è in corso dal 2017, il che significa che SOXS potrebbe essere installato a La Silla già nel 2020.

SOXS sarà installato sull'NTT (New Technology Telescope) da 3,58 metri dell'ESO all'Osservatorio di La Silla in Cile, in sostituzione di SOFI, uno strumento dell'ESO altamente produttivo ma in funzione da oltre 20 anni. Progettato come un unico complesso spettroscopico, SOXS studierà le sorgenti transienti in seguito a inneschi o avvisi ottenuti da telescopi, satelliti e rilevatori in tutto il mondo.

SOXS fornirà osservazioni spettroscopiche di follow-up vitali per molte survey di transienti ed è pronto a diventare il principale strumento di monitoraggio di transienti nell'emisfero australe. Il progetto dello strumento, innovativo e altamente specializzato, assicurerà quasi la stessa sensibilità del suo progenitore, X-shooter, nonostante sia installato su un telescopio molto più piccolo.

I transienti sono eventi astronomici che, come suggerisce il nome, sono visibili solo per un breve periodo di tempo. Comprendono alcuni dei più affascinanti fenomeni astrofisici, come le supernovae e gli eventi di onde gravitazionali. È fondamentale che questi inneschi abbiano un seguito osservativo entro poche ore, se non minuti, da parte di strumenti spettroscopici dedicati come SOXS. I transienti vengono scoperti con un tasso impressionante che non può che aumentare in futuro dai nuovi telescopi per survey, rendendo la combinazione di SOXS e NTT uno strumento astronomico indispensabile per catturare questi eventi fugaci nella banda di lunghezze d'onda che va dall'ultravioletto al vicino infrarosso.

Dalla sua nuova sede sull'NTT all'Osservatorio di La Silla, SOXS seguirà una varietà di transienti astronomici a tutte le diverse scale di distanza e in tutti i rami dell'astronomia. I suoi obiettivi includeranno allarmi rapidi da telescopi spaziali (come per i lampi di raggi gamma) o rilevatori di onde gravitazionali, allarmi di medio termine (come supernove e transienti nella banda dei raggi X), monitoraggio a lungo termine di sorgenti variabili (come blazar e binarie cataclismiche), spettroscopia di transito di pianeti extrasolari o eventi una tantum come il passaggio ravvicinato di corpi minori appena scoperti. Oltre alla sua impressionante capacità di studiare i transienti, SOXS sarà anche in grado di eseguire osservazioni di routine di oggetti che sono semplicemente troppo brillanti da osservare per altri strumenti come X-shooter.

SOXS dovrebbe vedere la sua prima luce nel 2020 e iniziare a funzionare operativamente nel 2021. Il contratto prevede 5 anni di operazioni con una possibile estensione di altri 5 anni.

Note

[1] SOXS (Son of X-shooter) nasce dallo sviluppo e aggiornamento dello strumento X-Shooter installato sul VLT. Il consorzio SOXS è composto da: INAF (Italia), Weizmann Institute of Science (Israele), Universidad Andrés Bello & Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (Cile), University of Turku & FINCA (Finlandia), Queen’s University Belfast (Regno Unito), Tel Aviv University (Israele), e Niels Bohr Institute (Danimarca).

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NTT: il telecopio di nuova tecnologia dell
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