Pressemeddelelse
Ældgamle stjerneeksplosioner fundet nær Mælkevejens centrum med ESO-teleskop
16. december 2019
En gang i Mælkevejens fjerne fortid var der en dramatisk periode med intens stjernedannelse, som resulterede i over et hundrede tusinde supernovaeksplosioner. Det er ESOs Very Large Telescope, som har observeret centralområdet i Mælkevejen i hidtil uhørt detalje, og har fundet nye oplysninger om stjernedannelsen i vores galakse.
"Denne vores første undersøgelse af en stor del af galaksens centraldele har givet os den detaljeret indsigt i dannelsesprocessen for stjerner i denne del af Mælkevejen," siger Rainer Schödel fra Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia in Granada, Spanien, som har ledet observationsarbejde. "I modsætning til, hvad der indtil nu har været antaget, har vi opdaget, at stjernedannelsen ikke har været en jævn proces," tilføjer Francisco Nogueras-Lara, som har forestået to nye studieprojekter af Mælkevejen fra det samme institut i Granada.
I artiklen, som bliver publiceret idag i Nature Astronomy, beskriver forfatterne opdagelsen af, at omkring 80% af stjernerne i Mælkevejens centrale dele er dannet i vores galakses tidligste år; imellem 8 og 13,5 milliarder år tilbage. Denne første periode med stjernedannelse blev efterfulgt af omkring seks milliarder år, hvor der kun blev dannet forholdsvis få stjerner. Den stille periode blev brat afsluttet for en milliard år siden, hvor der i løbet af mindre end 100 millioner år igen skete en meget intens stjernedannelse. Her i centralområdet blev stjerner med en samlet masse på nogle få ti-millioner gange mere end hvad Solen vejer.
"Forholdene i det område, som vi har studeret, må i løbet af denne aktive periode have lignet den, vi ser i ‘starburst'-galakser, hvor der dannes stjerner i et omfang af mere end 100 gange Solens masse per år," siger Nogueras-Lara, som nu arbejder ved Max Planck Institute for Astronomy i Heidelberg, Tyskland. I øjeblikket dannes der i hele Mælkevejen stjerner, som årligt udgøre et par solmasser.
"Denne voldsomme aktivitet må have forårsaget mere end hundrede tusinde supernovaeksplosioner - noget, som sandsynligvis er en af de mest energirige hændelser i hele Mælkevejens historie," tilføjer han. Ved intens stjernedannelse dannes der mange tunge stjerner. De eksisterer i kortere tid end lettere stjerner, så derfor sker der forholdsvis kort tid efter stjernedannelsen en mængde voldsomme supernovaeksplosioner.
Resultatet her bygger på observationer af galaksens centrale dele med ESOs instrument HAWK-I monteret på VLT i Chiles Atacamaørken. Det er et infrarødt kamera, som kan se ind igennem de støvskyer som findes tæt omkring Mælkevejens centrum. Kameraet har leveret et billede, som blev offentliggjort i oktober 2019 i Astronomy & Astrophysics af Nogueras-Lara sammen med et hold astronomer fra Spanien, USA, Japan og Tyskland. Det imponerende billede viser galaksens tættest befolkede område med stjerner, gas og støv, hvor der også findes et supertungt sort hul; altsammen med en vinkelopløsning på 0,2 buesekunder. Det svarer til, at HAWK-I ville kunne se en fodbold i Zürich fra München (hvor ESOs hovedkvarter befinder sig).
Billedet er det første, som er offentliggjort i forbindelse med oversigtsprogrammet GALACTICNUCLEUS. I programmet udnyttes HAWK-I på ESOs VLT til at frembringe smukke og skarpe billeder af vores galakses centrale dele. I programmet er der undersøgt mere end tre millioner stjerner indenfor et område på mere end 60 000 kvadratlysår i den afstand, som svarer til galaksens centrum (et lysår er cirka 9,5 trillioner kilometer).
Noter
k
Mere information
This research was presented in the paper “GALACTICNUCLEUS: A high angular resolution JHKs imaging survey of the Galactic Centre: II. First data release of the catalogue and the most detailed CMDs of the GC” published in Astronomy & Astrophysics and in “Early formation and recent starburst activity in the nuclear disc of the Milky Way” to appear in Nature Astronomy (doi: 10.1038/s41550-019-0967-9).
The team of the Astronomy & Astrophysics paper is composed of F. Nogueras-Lara (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Granada, Spain [IAA-CSIC]), R. Schödel (IAA-CSIC), A. T. Gallego-Calvente (IAA-CSIC), H. Dong (IAA-CSIC), E. Gallego-Cano (IAA and Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán, Almería, Spain), B. Shahzamanian (IAA-CSIC), J. H. V. Girard (Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA), S. Nishiyama (Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan), F. Najarro (Departamento de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología CAB (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain), N. Neumayer (Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany).
The team of the Nature Astronomy paper is composed of F. Nogueras-Lara (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Granada, Spain [IAA-CSIC]), R. Schödel (IAA-CSIC), A. T. Gallego-Calvente (IAA-CSIC), E. Gallego-Cano (IAA-CSIC), B. Shahzamanian (IAA-CSIC), H. Dong (IAA-CSIC), N. Neumayer (Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany), M. Hilker (European Southern Observatory, Garching bei München, Germany), F. Najarro (Departamento de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain), S. Nishiyama (Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan), A. Feldmeier-Krause (The Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics. The University of Chicago, Chicago, US), J. H. V. Girard (Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA) and S. Cassisi (INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Abruzzo, Teramo, Italy).
ESO is the foremost intergovernmental astronomy organisation in Europe and the world’s most productive ground-based astronomical observatory by far. It has 16 Member States: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, along with the host state of Chile and with Australia as a Strategic Partner. ESO carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities enabling astronomers to make important scientific discoveries. ESO also plays a leading role in promoting and organising cooperation in astronomical research. ESO operates three unique world-class observing sites in Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. At Paranal, ESO operates the Very Large Telescope and its world-leading Very Large Telescope Interferometer as well as two survey telescopes, VISTA working in the infrared and the visible-light VLT Survey Telescope. Also at Paranal ESO will host and operate the Cherenkov Telescope Array South, the world’s largest and most sensitive gamma-ray observatory. ESO is also a major partner in two facilities on Chajnantor, APEX and ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. And on Cerro Armazones, close to Paranal, ESO is building the 39-metre Extremely Large Telescope, the ELT, which will become “the world’s biggest eye on the sky”.
Kontakter
Francisco Nogueras-Lara
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Heidelberg, Germany
Tel: +49 6221 528-393
E-mail: nogueras@mpia.de
Rainer Schödel
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)
Granada, Spain
Tel: +34 958 230 529
E-mail: rainer@iaa.es
Bárbara Ferreira
ESO Public Information Officer
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6670
Mobil: +49 151 241 664 00
E-mail: pio@eso.org
Ole J. Knudsen (Pressekontakt Danmark)
ESOs formidlingsnetværk
og Aarhus Space Centre, Aarhus Universitet
Aarhus, Danmark
Tel: +45 8715 5597
E-mail: eson-denmark@eso.org
Om pressemeddelelsen
Pressemeddelelse nr.: | eso1920da |
Navn: | Milky Way Galactic Centre |
Type: | Milky Way : Galaxy : Component : Center/Core |
Facility: | Very Large Telescope |
Instruments: | HAWK-I |
Science data: | 2020NatAs...4..377N 2019A&A...631A..20N |
Our use of Cookies
We use cookies that are essential for accessing our websites and using our services. We also use cookies to analyse, measure and improve our websites’ performance, to enable content sharing via social media and to display media content hosted on third-party platforms.
ESO Cookies Policy
The European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO) is the pre-eminent intergovernmental science and technology organisation in astronomy. It carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities for astronomy.
This Cookies Policy is intended to provide clarity by outlining the cookies used on the ESO public websites, their functions, the options you have for controlling them, and the ways you can contact us for additional details.
What are cookies?
Cookies are small pieces of data stored on your device by websites you visit. They serve various purposes, such as remembering login credentials and preferences and enhance your browsing experience.
Categories of cookies we use
Essential cookies (always active): These cookies are strictly necessary for the proper functioning of our website. Without these cookies, the website cannot operate correctly, and certain services, such as logging in or accessing secure areas, may not be available; because they are essential for the website’s operation, they cannot be disabled.
Functional Cookies: These cookies enhance your browsing experience by enabling additional features and personalization, such as remembering your preferences and settings. While not strictly necessary for the website to function, they improve usability and convenience; these cookies are only placed if you provide your consent.
Analytics cookies: These cookies collect information about how visitors interact with our website, such as which pages are visited most often and how users navigate the site. This data helps us improve website performance, optimize content, and enhance the user experience; these cookies are only placed if you provide your consent. We use the following analytics cookies.
Matomo Cookies:
This website uses Matomo (formerly Piwik), an open source software which enables the statistical analysis of website visits. Matomo uses cookies (text files) which are saved on your computer and which allow us to analyze how you use our website. The website user information generated by the cookies will only be saved on the servers of our IT Department. We use this information to analyze www.eso.org visits and to prepare reports on website activities. These data will not be disclosed to third parties.
On behalf of ESO, Matomo will use this information for the purpose of evaluating your use of the website, compiling reports on website activity and providing other services relating to website activity and internet usage.
Matomo cookies settings:
Additional Third-party cookies on ESO websites: some of our pages display content from external providers, e.g. YouTube.
Such third-party services are outside of ESO control and may, at any time, change their terms of service, use of cookies, etc.
YouTube: Some videos on the ESO website are embedded from ESO’s official YouTube channel. We have enabled YouTube’s privacy-enhanced mode, meaning that no cookies are set unless the user actively clicks on the video to play it. Additionally, in this mode, YouTube does not store any personally identifiable cookie data for embedded video playbacks. For more details, please refer to YouTube’s embedding videos information page.
Cookies can also be classified based on the following elements.
Regarding the domain, there are:
- First-party cookies, set by the website you are currently visiting. They are stored by the same domain that you are browsing and are used to enhance your experience on that site;
- Third-party cookies, set by a domain other than the one you are currently visiting.
As for their duration, cookies can be:
- Browser-session cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser;
- Stored cookies, which stay on the user's device for a predetermined period of time.
How to manage cookies
Cookie settings: You can modify your cookie choices for the ESO webpages at any time by clicking on the link Cookie settings at the bottom of any page.
In your browser: If you wish to delete cookies or instruct your browser to delete or block cookies by default, please visit the help pages of your browser:
Please be aware that if you delete or decline cookies, certain functionalities of our website may be not be available and your browsing experience may be affected.
You can set most browsers to prevent any cookies being placed on your device, but you may then have to manually adjust some preferences every time you visit a site/page. And some services and functionalities may not work properly at all (e.g. profile logging-in, shop check out).
Updates to the ESO Cookies Policy
The ESO Cookies Policy may be subject to future updates, which will be made available on this page.
Additional information
For any queries related to cookies, please contact: pdprATesoDOTorg.
As ESO public webpages are managed by our Department of Communication, your questions will be dealt with the support of the said Department.