Annonce

L'ESO signe un accord de construction pour l'instrument ANDES sur l'ELT

5 juin 2024

L'ESO a signé aujourd'hui un accord avec un consortium international d'institutions pour la conception et la construction d'ANDES, le spectrographe echelle à haute dispersion et à haute-précision (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). L'instrument ANDES sera installé sur l’Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) de l'ESO. Il sera utilisé pour rechercher des signes de vie sur les exoplanètes et les toutes premières étoiles, ainsi que pour tester les variations des constantes fondamentales de la physique et mesurer l'accélération de l'expansion de l'Univers.

L'accord a été signé par Xavier Barcons, directeur général de l'ESO, et par Roberto Ragazzoni, président de l'Institut national italien d'astrophysique (INAF), l'institution qui dirige le consortium ANDES. Sergio Maffettone, consul général d'Italie à Munich, et Alessandro Marconi, chercheur principal d'ANDES à l'INAF, ainsi que d'autres représentants de l'ESO, de l'INAF, du consortium ANDES et du consulat d'Italie à Munich, ont également assisté à la cérémonie de signature. La signature a eu lieu au siège de l'ESO à Garching, en Allemagne.

Anciennement connu sous le nom de HIRES, ANDES est un puissant spectrographe, un instrument qui décompose la lumière en ses différentes longueurs d'onde afin que les astronomes puissent déterminer des propriétés importantes des objets astronomiques, telles que leur composition chimique. L'instrument aura une précision record dans les longueurs d'onde du visible et du proche infrarouge et, associé au système de miroirs de l’ELT (un miroir primaire géant de 39m de diamètre généré par l’association de 798 hexagones d'une largeur de 1,40 mètres chacun), il ouvrira la voie à des recherches couvrant de multiples domaines de l'astronomie.

 "ANDES est un instrument doté d'un énorme potentiel de découvertes scientifiques révolutionnaires, qui peuvent profondément affecter notre perception de l'Univers, bien au-delà de la petite communauté des scientifiques", a déclaré M. Marconi. Céline Péroux, responsable scientifique de l'équipe de l'ESO chargée du suivi d'ANDES, ajoute que les cas scientifiques vont "de la détection potentielle de signatures de vie dans d'autres mondes et de l'identification de la toute première génération d'étoiles, à l'étude des variations des constantes fondamentales de la physique".

ANDES effectuera des relevés détaillés de l'atmosphère des exoplanètes semblables à la Terre, ce qui permettra aux astronomes de rechercher des signes de vie à grande échelle. Il sera également en mesure d'analyser les éléments chimiques présents dans les objets lointains de l'Univers jeune, ce qui en fera probablement le premier instrument capable de détecter les signatures des étoiles de population III, les premières étoiles nées dans l'Univers. En outre, les astronomes pourront utiliser les données d'ANDES pour vérifier si les constantes fondamentales de la physique varient avec le temps et l'espace. Ses données complètes seront également utilisées pour mesurer directement l'accélération de l'expansion de l'Univers, l'un des mystères les plus pressants du cosmos.

L'ELT de l'ESO est actuellement en construction dans le désert d'Atacama, au nord du Chili. Lorsqu'il entrera en service à la fin de la décennie, l'ELT sera le plus grand observatoire du ciel au monde dans les longueurs d’onde visible au proche infra-rouge, marquant une nouvelle ère dans l'astronomie au sol.

Plus d'informations

Le projet ANDES est développé par un consortium international composé d'instituts de recherche de 13 pays :

 

    Allemagne: Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Institut für Astrophysik und Geophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (IAG), Atmospheric Physics of Exoplanets Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie Heidelberg (MPIA), Zentrum für Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Thüringer Landesternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Hamburg Observatory, Universität Hamburg (UHH).

      Brésil: Board of Stellar Observational Astronomy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.

     Canada: Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic and the Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal.

     Danemark: Instrument Centre for Danish Astrophysics on behalf of Niels Bohr Institute, Aarhus University, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet.

     Espagne: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (CI); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Spain) on behalf of Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Centro de Astrobiología de Madrid (CSIC-INTA).

    France: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) on behalf of Observatoire de la Côte dAzur, Université Côte dAzur (LAGRANGE), Laboratoire dAstrophysique de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National dEtudes Spatiales (LAM), Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (IRAP),  Institut de Planétologie et dAstrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble-Alpes (IPAG), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut dAstrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Université (IAP), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université (LMD).

     Italie: INAF, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (Lead Technical Institute).

     Pologne: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun.

     Portugal: Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IA) at Centro de Investigaço em Astronomia/Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto (CAUP), Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço at Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Board of the Associação para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Ciências (FCiências.ID)

     Royaume-Unis: Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom Research and Innovation on behalf of Cavendish Laboratory & Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge UK Astronomy Technology Centre; Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University.

     Suède: Lund University, Stockholm University, Uppsala University.

     Suisse: Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève; Physikalische Institut, Universität Bern.

       USA: Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan

Liens

 

Contacts

Alessandro Marconi
ANDES Principal Investigator
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Italy
INAF-Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, Italy
Email: alessandro.marconi@inaf.it, alessandro.marconi@unifi.it

Céline Péroux
ESO Project Scientist for ANDES
Email: cperoux@eso.org

Juan Carlos Muñoz Mateos
ESO Media Officer
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6176
Email: press@eso.org

 

À propos de l'annonce

Identification:ann24010

Images

Signing of the ANDES agreement
Signing of the ANDES agreement
Seulement en anglais
A 3D rendering of ANDES against a warm blue background. The instrument consists of a metal, cylindrical structure in the foreground, connected by metal scaffolding to a complex, fan-shaped apparatus.
ANDES (artist’s impression)
Seulement en anglais

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