EUROPEAN SL-9/JUPITER WORKSHOP, ESO, 13-15 February 1995 PROCEEDINGS Editors: Richard M. West and Hermann Boehnhardt Copyright: European Southern Observatory, March 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS ================= Preface i 1. SL-9 Before Impact - -------------------------- 1.1 Observations Pre-Impact Observations of P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 1 D. Jewitt A Morphological Study of SL-9 CCD Images Obtained at La Silla 5 (July 1-15, 1994) R.M. West, R.N. Hook, O. Hainaut Imaging Photometry and Color of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 11 G. P. Chernova, N. N. Kiselev, K. Jockers NTT Observations of Shoemaker-Levy 9: Imaging & Spectroscopy 17 J. A. Stuewe, R. Schulz, M.F. A'Hearn Pre-impact Observations of Shoemaker-Levy 9 at Pic du Midi and 23 Observatoire de Haute Provence F. Colas, L. Jorda, J. Lecacheux, J.E. Arlot, P. Laques, W. Thuillot Nuclei of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Images Taken with the 29 Hubble Space Telescope Z. Sekanina Observations of P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 in Johnson B, V and R 37 Filters from Calar Alto Observatory on 2/3 June, 1994 D.E. Trilling, H.U. Keller, H. Rauer, R. Schulz, N. Thomas 1.2 Theory The Splitting of the Nucleus of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 43 Z. Sekanina Dust-Magnetosphere Interactions at Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Impacts 57 W.-H. Ip 2. The Impacts - ------------------- 2.1 Spacecraft Results The Collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter as Seen by 63 the Galileo Imaging Experiment: Modelling and Interpretation of the Bolide and Explosion Phase G. Neukum, G. Hahn, T. Denk, M.J.S. Belton, C.R. Chapman, I. Nemtchinov, N. Artem'eva, V. Chouvalov, I. Kosarev, V. Svettsov Some Timing and Spectral Aspects of the G and R Collision 69 Events as Observed by the Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer R.W. Carlson, P.R. Weissman, J. Hui, M. Segura, W.D. Smythe, K.H. Baines, T.V. Johnson, P. Drossart, Th. Encrenaz, F. Leader, R. Mehlman Comparison of Galileo SL-9 Impact Observations 75 G.S. Orton with help from the NIMS, PPR, SSI and UVS Experiment Teams 2.2 Search for Light Echoes Search for Light-Echoes during Impacts B and F of Comet SL-9 81 Using Multi-Channel UBVRI Photometry H. Barwig, O. Baernbantner Time-resolved Photometry of Io and Europa in the Course of 87 A and Q Secondary Nuclei of D/Comet Shoemaker-Levy K.I. Churyumov, V.V. Kleshchonok A Search for Light Echoes of A, H, and Q Events 93 G.J. Consolmagno SJ, G. Menard SJ High-speed Optical Spectro-Photometry of Jovian Satellites 95 during Impact L Performed at Calar Alto Observatory K.H.Mantel, A.Fiedler, H.Boehnhardt Time Variation of Monochromatic Brightness of Europa 101 before the A-Impact H.K. Nazarchuk, L.M. Shulman Observation of Galilean Satellites during the Collisions of 107 Shoemaker-Levy 9 Fragments with Jupiter V. Ivanova, V. Shkodrov, A. Antov, B. Komitov, R. Antova, Z. Donchev The Impact Time Estimation of the A Fragment of Comet SL-9 111 with Differential Photoelectric Photometry S. Selam, Z. Mueyesseroglu Were Any Impact Flashes Seen in Reflection from the Satellites? 113 M.F. A'Hearn, R. Meier, D. Wellnitz, L. Woodney, R. Martin, T. Smith, A. Verveer 2.3 Fireballs and Plumes SL-9 Impact Imaging, Spectroscopy and Long-Term 119 Monitoring from the Calar Alto Observatory T.M. Herbst, D.P. Hamilton, H. Boehnhardt, J.L. Ortiz-Moreno Some Results from the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility 123 Shoemaker-Levy 9 Observing Campaign G. S. Orton and the IRTF SL9 Science Team AAT IRIS Observations of the SL-9 Impacts and Initial 129 Fireball Evolution V. Meadows, D. Crisp, G. Orton, T. Brooke, J. Spencer Nature of Impact Plume Observed by Near-Infrared Camera 135 Jun-ichi Watanabe, Hitoshi Hasegawa, Satoru Takeuchi Multi-Wavelength Thermal-Infrared Imaging of SL-9 Impact 137 Phenomena T.A. Livengood, H.U. Kaeufl, T. Kostiuk, G.L. Bjoraker, P.N. Romani, G. Wiedemann, B. Mosser, M. Sauvage 10 Micron Observations of SL-9 Crash onto Jupiter with 147 CAMIRAS at NOT P.O. Lagage, Ph. Galdemard, R. Jouan, P. Masse, E. Pantin, M. Sauvage, B. Mosser, G. Olofsson, M. Huldtgren, L. Nordh, J.A. Belmonte, C. Regulo, T. Roca Cortes, J.-M. Rodriguez Espinosa, I. Vidal, D. Gautier, A. Ulla Near-Infrared Brightness Variation of the Impact and Plume 153 Evolution Satoru Takeuchi, Hitoshi Hasegawa, Jun-ichi Watanabe Near-IR Lightcurves of the Impacts of SL-9 Fragments 159 E, S, T and U G. Zhao, H. Boehnhardt, T. Herbst, K. Birkle, U. Thiele, D. Hamilton, J.L. Ortiz Fast IR Photometry of the Impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter 165 A. Richichi, G.P.Tozzi, A.Ferrara, G.Calamai Observation at 892 nm of Impact L with the Solar Vacuum 171 Tower Telescope at Tenerife H. Schleicher, H. Balthasar, K. Jockers, M. Knoelker, W. Schmidt Narrow Band Imaging of Jupiter Impact Sites 175 J.E. Little, A. Fitzsimmons, N. Walton, E. Harlaftis, P. Rudd, P.J. Andrews, R. Catchpole, I.P. Williams Doppler Observations of the Impact of Comet SL-9 Fragment A 181 A. Cacciani, P.F. Moretti, M. Dolci, E. Brocato, E.J. Smith 2.4 Spectroscopy Far-UV Spectra and Images of Cometary Impacts on Jupiter 191 Observed by IUE and HST R. Prange, C. Emerich, A. Talavera, D. Rego, W. Harris, J. Clarke, G. Ballester, T. Livengood, M. McGrath and the IUE and HST Teams Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Impact Plumes 197 on Jupiter A. Fitzsimmons, J.E. Little, N. Walton, R. Catchpole, P.J. Andrews, I.P. Williams, E. Harlaftis, P. Rudd Pic-du-Midi Observations of Atomic Lines Following 203 Impacts L and Q1 of Comet SL-9 on Jupiter M. Roos-Serote, A. Barucci, J. Crovisier, P. Drossart, M. Fulchignoni, J. Lecacheux, F. Roques Observations of the SL-9 Impacts with a Sodium Magneto-Optical Filter 209 S. Catalano, M. Rodono, R. Ventura, A. Cacciani Fast Spectral Variability of the Plumes on Jupiter from the 215 Secondary Nuclei of D/Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 K.I. Churyumov, V.P. Tarashchuk, V.V. Prokof'eva Long-Slit Spectroscopy of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Impact Sites 219 P.P. Korsun, Yu.V. Sizonenko, S.V. Berdyugina, S.G. Sergeev Observations of Methane Emission at 3 Microns with the ESO NTT 225 at the Time of the SL-9 H Impact Th. Encrenaz, R. Schulz, J.A. Stuewe, G. Wiedemann, P. Drossart, J. Crovisier Modifications of Jupiter's Atmosphere Probed by 3- and 5-Micron 231 Spectroscopy at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope during the Collision of SL-9 J.P. Maillard, P. Drossart, B. Bezard, C. de Bergh, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, J. Caldwell, J.-C. Hilico, S.K. Atreya Impact Plume Composition from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 239 V. Meadows, D. Crisp Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of the Impact of Fragment C of SL-9 245 B.M. Dinelli, N. Achilleos, H.A. Lam, J. Tennyson, S. Miller, M.-F. Jagod, T. Oka, T.R. Geballe Millimetre Observations of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 Impacts on Jupiter 251 in July 1994 at the IRAM and SEST Telescopes: CO, CS and OCS D. Bockelee-Morvan, E. Lellouch, P. Colom, G. Paubert, R. Moreno, M. Festou, D. Despois, A. Sievers, J. Crovisier, D. Gautier, A. Marten The Collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter: Detection and 257 Evolution of HCN in the Stratosphere of the Planet D. Gautier, A. Marten, M.J. Griffin, H.E. Matthews, D. Bockelee-Morvan, E. Lellouch, S. K. Atreya, P. Colom, J. Crovisier, G.R. Davis, B. Han, D. Naylor, G. Orton, I. de Pater, T. Owen, D.B. Sanders, D. Strobel Detection of the 22-GHz Line of Water during and after 261 the SL-9/Jupiter Impact S. Montebugnoli, C. Bortolotti, A. Cattani, G. Grueff, A. Maccaferri, G. Maccaferri, A. Orfei, L. Padrielli, M. Tugnoli, G. Tuccari, M. Roma, T. Venturi, C.B. Cosmovici, R. Orfei, F. Scappini, P. Colom, S. Pogrebenko 2.5 Theory The Vertical Structure Jupiter's Cloud Layer before and after the 267 Impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 A.V. Morozhenko, A.S. Ovsak, P.P. Korsun Numerical Simulations of the Dissipation of a Thermal Disturbance 269 in a Jovian Atmosphere A. Abouelainine, A. Mangeney, P. Drossart High Temperature Chemistry in the Fireballs of the SL-9 Impacts 275 S. Borunov, P. Drossart, Th. Encrenaz Grain Formation in Cometary Impact Plumes 279 Hitoshi Hasegawa, Satoru Takeuchi, Jun-ichi Watanabe The Explosion in the Jupiter Atmosphere 287 V.G. Kruchinenko Explanation of IR-lightcurves of SL-9 Impacts: Comparison 293 between Numerical Simulations and Observations Sho Sasaki, Takashi Yabe, Yutaka Abe, Jun-ichi Watanabe, Hitoshi Hasegawa A Note on the Fragments Size of SL-9 and Debris Fields 297 V. Vanysek Determination of Energy of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Fragments 299 by Optical Observational Data B.A. Klumov, A.V. Ivlev, V.E. Fortov Numerical Simulation of Some Consequences Induced by the 305 Comet SL-9 in the Jovian Atmosphere S.V. Utyuzhnikov, A.V. Konyukhov, B.A. Klumov 3. Long-Term Effects - ------------------------- 3.1 Visible and IR Visible and Near-Infrared Observations of the Aerosol Debris 311 from the Collision of SL-9 with Jupiter: A review from La Palma and Calar Alto Imaging and Spectroscopy F. Moreno, A. Molina, O. Munoz, J.L. Ortiz, J.J. Lopez-Moreno, S.M. Larson, H. Campins, T.M. Herbst, K. Birkle, H. Boehnhardt, D. Hamilton Multispectral Imaging in the Visible of the Shoemaker-Levy-9 Impacts 317 on Jupiter V. Formisano, G. Bellucci, J.J. Lopez Moreno, J. Rodriguez Observations of Jupiter from Central Asia during the SL-9 Crash 323 V.N. Dudinov, V.G. Vakulik, A.P. Zheleznyak, V.V. Konichek, V.S.Tsvetkova, A.S.Chodzhayev Research Results of 86 Visual Observational Data of SL-9 Fragment 327 Explosions in the Jupiter Atmosphere A. Slipchenko Cartography of the Impacts Based on Observations in theVisual Range 329 L. Schmidtobreick, W. Schlosser, W. Weneit, J. Muenkel, L. Winter, P. Koczet Observations and Studies of Chinese Jupiter Watch 335 Sichao Wang, Bochen Qian, Keliang Huang Observations of Jupiter Using a CCD Video Camera during the 343 Period between July 13 and September 14, 1994 Sichao Wang, Kemin Wang, Zheng Tan, Jiaxin Wen, Tianxiang Weng, Hongfang Cai, Jianmin Wang First Results of the SL-9/Jupiter Collision Observations: Coordinates, 345 Dimensions, and Reflectivity of the SL-9 Impact Regions on Jupiter V.G.Tejfel, G.A. Kharitonova, A.N. Aksenov, G.A. Kirienko, N.V. Sinyaeva, V.N.Gajsina Belgrad Astronomical Observatory Observation of Jupiter 351 during and after SL-9 Comet Impact Time L.C. Popovic, A. Kubicela, J. Arsenijevic, D. Jevremovic, I. Vince Comparison of Two Deconvolution Methods for the Structure 357 Analysis of the Impact Areas on Jupiter J. Babion, H. Boehnhardt, F. Murtagh, J.L. Starck, U. Thiele, K. Birkle, T. Herbst, D. Hamilton, J. L. Ortiz Monitoring of the Near-IR Emission Features at the NTT 363 and Detection of the Northern Counterparts R. Schulz, Th. Encrenaz, J. Stuewe, G. Wiedemann 10 Micron Mapping of Jupiter at CFHT after the Impacts of SL-9 369 F. Billebaud, P. Drossart, I. Vauglin, P. Merlin, F. Sibille, P. Lognonne, E. Lellouch, B. Mosser Post-SL9 Impact Brigthness Imbalance in the Jovian Aurorae 375 N. Achilleos, S. Miller, B.M. Dinelli, H.A. Lam, J. Tennyson, M.-F. Jagod, T.R. Geballe, L.M. Trafton, R.D. Joseph, G.E. Ballester 3.2 Radio Changes in Jupiter's Synchrotron Radiation before, during and after 381 SL-9 Impacts G.A. Dulk, Y. Leblanc Radio Observations of the Collision between SL-9 and Jupiter 387 in Modra on 42.7 MHz S. Gajdos, P. Zigo, P. Kostecky, K. Taubinger Radio Continuum Observations of the Jupiter-SL9 Encounter 393 T. Venturi, G. Leto, C. Bortolotti, S. Buttaccio, A. Cattani, G. Grueff, A. Maccaferri, G. Maccaferri, S. Montebugnoli, A. Orfei, L. Padrielli, M. Roma, G. Tomassetti, C. Trigilio, M. Tugnoli, G. Tuccari, G. Umana, C. Cosmovici, C. Blanco, D. Riccioli 3.3 Seismology Seismic Studies of Jupiter at the Time of SL-9 Impacts 397 B. Mosser, P. Galdemard, R. Jouan, P. Lagage, P. Masse, E. Pantin, M. Sauvage, P. Lognonne, D. Gautier, P. Drossart, P. Merlin, F. Sibille, I. Vauglin, F. Billebaud, T. Livengood, H.U. Kaeufl, M. Marley, M. Huldtgren, L. Nordh, G. Olofsson, A. Ulla, J.A. Belmonte, C. Regulo, T. Roca-Cortes, M. Selby, J.M. Rodriguez Espinosa, I. Vidal 4. Summary and Perspectives - -------------------------------- The Archive of SL-9 at Jupiter 403 J. Kelemen, M.F. A'Hearn Nature and Structure of the Impacting Objects 407 R.M. West The Chemical Composition of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 411 J. Crovisier Interpretation of Multi-Wavelength Infrared Observations of 417 Selected Impacts: What Did We See? P. Drossart, Th. Encrenaz, F. Colas, P.-O. Lagage The SL-9 Workshop Round-Table Discussion - A Summary 423 H. Boehnhardt, R. Schulz and Th. Encrenaz, W.-H. Ip, B. Mosser, G. Orton, H. Rickman, R.M. West The Impact of SL-9 on the Media 429 H.-M. Hahn Appendices - ---------- List of Observers with Data on Each Impact 431 K.C. Horrocks and M. A'Hearn List of Participants 451 Author Index 463